Getting there is not easy even for the top chip-makers. In mid-2022, Samsung became the first company to start mass producing three-nanometre chips at scale. Later that year, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) - the world"s biggest chip-maker and a major supplier to Apple - followed.How narrow is that? Much narrower than a strand of human hair, which is about 50 to 100,000 nanometres.